Living With Alzheimers - A Progressive Neurodegenerative Disorder - Free Essay Example

Worldwide, forty-eight million people have been diagnosed with Alzheimers, a chronic neurodegenerative disease, resulting in 1.9 million deaths just in the year 2015. (Khyade, Khyade, Jagtap, 2016) There are medications that reduce symptoms for some patients, but these medications only work for a short-term period of time, at which point the patient reverts to the cognitive level they would currently be at had they never taken the medication and there are no medications that reduce the risk of getting the disease. There is no cure for Alzheimers. Ultimately, everyone with the disease requires round the clock care at some point, but there are limited options, which forces families into crisis as the disease progresses. It is for this reason that I chose to do my research project and job shadowing on the population of Alzheimers patients in long-term skilled nursing care. The term Alzheimers disease originated in 1906, when psychiatrist and neurologist, Dr. Alois Alzheimer, met Auguste Deter, a fifty-one year old woman suffering from an unknown mental illness causing unusual behaviors and increasing short-term memory loss. Her condition became his obsession. Following her death, he performed a brain autopsy and discovered a shrunken cortex, clumps, now know as amyloid plaques, and tangles of fibers, now known as neurofibrillary tangles, in her brain tissue. These conditions were distinctive enough to diagnose a new form of dementia, which became known as Alzheimers disease. During the next five years, eleven similar cases were reported in medical literature, interchangeably using the term pre-senile dementia, a subtype of senile dementia due to the age of the patients. (Khyade, Khyade, Jagtap, 2016) Studies later concluded that pre-senile and senile dementia were the same, differentiating the diagnosis of Alzheimers disease and recognizing that age did not play a part in the diagnosis. This early version of the disease is now called early on-set and affects patients under the age of sixty-five. Eventually, Alzheimers disease became a blanket term to describe people of all ages exhibiting the same symptom patter, disease course and neuropathology. Alzheimers is one of the most expensive diseases in the United States. There are currently more than five million Americans with Alzheimers disease, absorbing twenty percent of all Medicare costs. The annual cost of caring for Alzheimers disease varies from $42,049 for institutionalized patients to $12,572 for patients living in the community, (Dharmarajan, 2009) not including the lost wages of a caregiver. On average, the cost of care is $330,000 in a patients lifetime. As the baby boomers age, it is anticipated that the rate of diagnosed seniors will grow dramatically, causing a very large social problem and economic burden. There are some medications on the market that have shown symptomatic benefit, and ultimately, any reduction of behavioral disturbance and cognitive decline reduces the needs of a caregiver, showing and economic benefits, but research is still under-funded and limited. Today, Alzheimers is a primary topic of biomedical research. The cause and cure for the disease remains unknown. Because no sample from any given case study is the same, results have varied widely and made it difficult to come to a resolution. The Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative was collaborated in 2003 to share data across the world. This data includes brain imaging, clinical, cognitive and genetic data and is available for physicians and researchers to immediately access, strategically utilizing research funding by limiting duplication of studies. Alzheimers is normally diagnosed through the amalgamation persons medical history, narrative history from caregivers, and behavioral observation. In general, the symptoms of Alzheimers disease include progressive memory loss, increased difficulty concentrating, a steady decrease in problem-solving skills and judgment capability, confusion, hallucinations and delusions, altered sensations or perceptions, impaired recognition of everyday objects and familiar people, altered sleep patterns, motor system impairment, inability to maintain activities of daily living, agitation, anxiety, and depression. Ultimately, the dementia sufferer enters a complete vegetative state prior to death. (Martin, 2018) No brain scan, blood test or physical test alone can definitely diagnose the disease. A neuropsychological test is administered to determine what areas of cognitive function are impaired and what areas remain intact. Because patients often underreport or go to great lengths to conceal symptoms, the diagnosis is typically made over a minimum of sixth months to confirm to the physician that the condition is progressive. A brain scan using computed tomography (CT scans) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is typically performed to rule out conditions that may mimic Alzheimers and they may also show loss of brain mass and atrophy of the hippocampus, which are telltale signs of the disease. Diagnosis is made by symptoms and it is only through autopsy that a definitive diagnosis is made. (Martin, 2018) Fortunately, diagnostic technology is continuously improving, making the tricky task of diagnosing the disease more feasible. There are many factors that play a role in the maintenance of Alzheimers, however, the life expectancy remains between three and nine years after diagnosis. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have shown effectiveness in temporarily slowing the progression of the disease. (Martone Piotrowski, 2013) While they may temporarily slow symptoms, they become ineffective and the body rapidly displays symptoms that would have been shown had the patient never taken the medication. Because the brain may become inflamed, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may also improve symptoms. The treatment for Alzheimers remains primarily palliative through exercise, diet, engaging activity, cognitive therapy and surrounding the patient with familiar items to reduce distress. Different factors will determine which care options are pursued for a loved on with Alzheimers disease. In the early stages of the disease, families often choose to provide home care through minimal safety adjustments so that their loved one can maintain as much independence as possible. When is becomes unsafe for the patient to be alone, home care can be supplemented with home health aides, companion services or adult day centers. Adult Day centers offer structured to socialize the patient and most also offer meals and transportation to relieve some of the care burden. Assisted living is a good fit for those that need assistance with daily living activities, socialization and minimal medical management. Caregiver guilt and crisis play a key role in making the change to a higher level of care. Who would you call when your loved one elopes from home while you are at work? For many, the answer is 9-1-1, but the fact is that they cannot hold your loved one in the hospital simply because they are an elopement risk. Most cannot take indefinite time off of work to provide care for they loved one, so they turn secure memory care units. Special memory care units offer staff that has received specialized training in caring for those with cognitive impairment, activity programming, and extra safety measures such as secured exits. Unfortunately, even specialized care units have limitations such as inability to care for those with dementia with lewy bodies and behaviors such as chronic agitation and aggression. It is typical for a patient to move from the secure unity into traditional long-term, skilled care once they become physically unable to elope. During my job shadowing experience, I was able to see first-hand the duties of the Memory Care Facilitator, Lisa Peasley. I was able to sit in on assessments of patients cognitive level of function, which gave me insight on the progression of the disease. I was also able to observe and practice taking notes on patient behaviors and family interactions. These notes are used to track abnormalities in the patients behaviors. The activity I felt was most significant during my research hours was attending care-plan meetings with the medical staff and family. It was following one of these meetings that I was able to interview the Cheryl Martin, daughter of patient, Betty Hamilton. Betty has been a resident of Beech Grove Meadows for six years and her daughter is still struggling to accept the progression of the disease and the care recommendations of the clinical team. Lisa was able to counsel her on local support groups to cope with the changes as well as provide insight as to why each r ecommendation was made in relation to an event that had taken place with her mother. As a whole, it seemed to me that American Senior Communities is dedicated to progressive memory care. Their Augustes Cottage model exhibits many care aspects that are unique and designed to promote the comfort and interaction of each patient as well as give staff and families a comprehensive understand of where the patient is staged in the progression to queue care-giving needs. Staff education leaves a lot to be desired. The staff was not shy in expressing their frustration that the promised training upon hire would take place anywhere form six to nine months after working with patients. There was also a lot of friction between the memory care unit and they rest of the skilled care unit; they seemed like two separate entities rather than one cohesive continuum of care. The staff member in charge of occupancy was overly pressured to maintain a full unit, despite the need for some patients to seek psychiatric care or progress to long term care, which caused friction with the Memory Ca re Facilitator who felt her staff could not meet the needs of some of the patients. Resources for activities are limited and upkeep of the physical unit did not seem to be a priority, which left me with several safety concerns. This shadowing experience opened my eyes to the social stigma surrounding Alzheimers disease. I was disgusted and saddened by some of my observations. Staff members called patients exhibiting abnormal behavior crazy and family and friends became distant from their loved ones because they did not know how to properly respond to changes in personality and behavior. I would like to believe that providers offering memory care have the best of intentions, but the care offered leaves much to be desired. Each family and patient has a unique story and set of needs and it is important to approach them as so, rather they expecting them to fit a mold. The care of patients with Alzheimers is always evolving and education is key. Most importantly, through this Human Services journey, I learned that honesty and genuine apology go a long way. The need for competent Alzheimers care is in high demand in my community. Hospitals are overrun with patients needing placement in a secure unit for safety, but many cannot afford private pay, and there are many hoops to jump through in order to obtain insurance coverage and guardianship. For a person in crisis, there isnt enough time to meet all of the requirements, and the hospitals are pressured to discharge them due to cost, which can result in catastrophe if a patient is sent home to unsafe circumstances. I learned that there are care gaps, but most of them involve financial burden, which no one wants to assume and this issue is only going to increase as the baby boomers come of age. Alzheimers and other dementias are the top cause for disabilities later in life and each individual leaves loved ones affected by the disease progression. With no cure in sight, this means that the likelihood of a Human Services professional encountering the disease or someone coping with a loved ones diagnosis in a professional setting will increase monumentally in years to come. It is important to be aware and educated on the subject so we may best serve our communities.

Gabriel Garcia Marquezs A Very Old Man With Enormous...

Believers or Followers? Religion has had a profound effect on human culture; unfortunately, the trouble with it is faith, which creates skepticism in many individuals. In order to accommodate the issue of faith, religions have regulations, values, and ceremonies, making religion a belief system, hence creating clarity to support faith. Catholicism has become a belief system that feeds its follower with answers; however, these answers are only assumptions. There are no factual answers, and as a result, religious leaders have created an expectation in which religion is supposed to fit; nonetheless, its accuracy is unknown. In Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s short story â€Å"A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings,† the values of religion are the center of†¦show more content†¦The man with enormous wings comes to earth in a grotesque form and because of this he is denied to be an angel. Additionally, the false believers within society tortured Jesus, just as how the man with enormous wings is ill-treated by the false believers of the society. Furthermore, Jesus is known to have cured the sick, and when the man with enormous wings falls into Pelayo and Elisenda’s backyard, their child is cured of a fever. Moreover, Jesus is good with children and later in the story the man with enormous wings and the child of Pelayo and Elisenda form a bond. Both Christ and the man with enormous wings endure harsh ridicule because they test the true faith of society. It is very easy to simply refer to oneself as a religious individual; however, it is difficult to always uphold a religious demeanor and because of this, the society’s practice of religion conveys to be merely a faà §ade. Similar to the criticism of Christ, the people within the story’s society question the authenticity of the man with enormous wings because of his unexpected appearance. The Pharisees, along with many others were skeptical that Jesus was the Messiah because his appear ance did not fit the divinity they anticipated a Christ figure should acquire. Similarly, the man with enormous wings comes to Earth in a form that goes against the expectations of the people, with â€Å"only a few faded hairs left on his bald skull and very few teeth in his mouth, and his pitiful

Romance is in the Air - 1722 Words

The Romance Era consists of classic literature based on love, society, rank, gender, and its complicated structure. Jane Austen, notorious for her love stories in which most are based on class ranking and how it affects lovers shows this in her novel Pride and Prejudice. In this novel characters deal with situations in a way that fits the time frame. Her conclusions are not what most predict, overcoming the important standards of the time period making it one of a kind in a genre of many works. The mixture of aristocracy, rank, and gender makes Pride and Prejudice fit into the era. Aristocracy helped to put people in their place by creating a wall to any outsider of a class. Since Darcy was Lady Catherine de Bourgh nephew he†¦show more content†¦With Mr. Collins, who worships Lady Catherine de Bourgh, makes her act even more rude and obnoxious â€Å"But I suppose you no opportunity. Your mother should have taken you to town every spring for the benefit of the masters† (Austen 302). Since her rank is as high as Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy, she feels like she is better than everyone else around. She believes since Elizabeth has a lower rank than Mr. Darcy, that she is not well suited for him, but instead a daughter with great wealth is. She knew about Mr. Darcy’s proposal to Elizabeth, and she demands to Elizabeth that she needs to refuse his proposal. Having a higher rank does not mean it gives the rich power to be rude and obnoxious, especially when the money they have was inherited. Mr. Wickham, a militia officer and was Mr. Darcy’s good friend in university, but they had a falling out because of Wickham’s frivolous attitude, comes in. He tells lies to Elizabeth to gain her affection and turn her back to Mr. Darcy, for example he tells her that Mr. Darcy cruelly cheated him of his inheritance â€Å"Mr. Darcy liked me less, his son might have borne with me better; but his father’s uncommon attachment to me, irritated h im I believer very early in his life. He had not a temper to bear the sort of competition in which we stood – the sort of preference which was often given to me (Austen 150), when in reality he was the who cheated off Mr. Darcy, and tried to marry Mr. Darcy’s sister, Georgiana,Show MoreRelatedUrbanization in North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pagesindustrialisation and all things new while the south (Helstone) encompasses urban living and the past. This essay aims to discuss the different layers of conflict between the north and the south and how the novel may be read as both an industrial novel and a romance novel. This essay aims to discuss how the novel tackles the conflicts in society which eventually leads to the romantic interests of the novel representing a connection between the two worlds of the past and the present. 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Good vs. Evil in “a Good Man Is Hard to Find” Essay

Good vs. Evil in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery O’Connor shows her readers a realistic look at their own mortality in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find.† The story is about a family of five, a father, mother, grandmother, and two children, starting out on a vacation to Florida from Georgia. The family, on their way to a routine vacation, takes a detour that will change their lives forever. Through the use of literary elements like symbolism and characterization, O’Connor creates a theme of good vs. evil, which can be felt throughout the story by tapping into the audience’s emotions. How does one characterize good and evil? Throughout time, people have asked this question and only received opinions based on references from†¦show more content†¦The events happening in the story can really happen, and this allows open-minded readers to put themselves in the story line and feel what O’Connor makes the characters feel. A great example of creating fear and sympathy in the audience is when O’Connor writes, â€Å"There were two more pistol reports and the grandmother raised her head like a parched old turkey hen crying for water and called, ‘Bailey Boy, Bailey Boy!’ as if her heart would break† (O’Connor 454). In this line, readers feel hearts almost break in sympathy for the grandmother as if they have lost their own son, but soon fear creeps up because everyone has been murdered except the grandmother, leaving her alone with evil. Through characterization, O’Connor creates an emotional and relatable connecti on between the story and the readers, which is a great element that defines good writers from great writers. Reading is just a way for people to escape the everyday redundancies of life, even if it is met with fear and sympathy. In â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† symbolism is used to foreshadow the actions and portray the actual character of The Misfit. 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Dangers Of Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Drugs - 1475 Words

Dangers of Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Drugs Remember that time, you really wanted to buy a Louis Vuitton bag? Then the thought of spending thousands on it held you back? So instead you bought a knock off, and saved yourself a boat load of money. No harm done, right? However, what if it wasn’t just a purse that you bought as a counterfeit? What if it was a knockoff Tylenol or birth control? Do you think it would be harmful, then? This happens all the time, and the production and sales of counterfeit drugs are more common than you think. This essay will explain why the production and sale of counterfeit pharmaceutical drugs are wrong. When someone creates something, that is solely from their mind, whether it be literature, a play, a piece of artwork, it is Intellectual Property. Intellectual Property is important because it allows the economy to grow, as well as captures the devotion of its inventors and creators, by becoming financially beneficial. Intellectual property helps promote development and aims for a more economic growth in overall well-being. In direct relation to pharmaceutical drugs, the creation of the drugs are never ending, and also supplies a huge source of financial growth for all of the developing companies. In fact, â€Å"The combined profits for the ten drug companies in the Fortune 500 ($35.9 billion) were more than the profits for all the other 490 businesses put together ($33.7 billion) [in 2002] †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Truth about DrugShow MoreRelatedDangers Of Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Drugs1595 Words   |  7 PagesDangers of Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Drugs Remember that time you really wanted to buy a Louis Viton bag? Then the thought of spending thousands on it held you back? So instead you bought a knock off, and saved yourself a boat load of money. No harm done right? Well not exactly, of course your wearing your new bag out with your friends didn’t make a difference verse the real one. You felt a little spoiled and your friends loved it too. However, what if it wasn’t just a purse that you bought asRead MoreCyber Crimes And The Cyber Crime Epidemic1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe rise of the cyber-crime epidemic is a danger that can affect even the wariest of internet users. There is an abundance of ways that hackers and the hidden dangers of the internet can pose threats to internet users. Cyber scams, the deep and dark web, and counterfeiting are just some of the cyber-crimes that exist in our day-to-day world. The effects of cyber-crimes can range from computer viruses, to monetary loss, and even identity theft. Abo ve all, cyber-crimes can include internet users beingRead MorePrescription Health Care Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe cost of prescription drugs in America has risen to the level that most Americans could not afford them with out the help of an insurance plan. 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To help relax and soothe the muscle, but today it is used for reasons that could be uncalled for, which puts that person in danger. Ken Coleman declared,â€Å"Today botox is used to smooth frown lines, or relax muscles.† (par. 1). Also botulism paralyzed facial muscles, which canRead MoreAn Apprasal of the Activities of Nafdac in Nigeria Economy2395 Words   |  10 Pagesrole of NAFDAC becomes important. The National Agency for Food and Drugs and Control (NAFDAC) was established as a parastatal of the Federal Ministry of Health by Decree No. 15 of 1993 as amended by Decree No. 19 of 1999. 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Inventory Management Pamp;G is using Intelligent Daily Forecasting, a solution developed by Terra Technology

Far From The Madding Crowd Essay Gabriel Example For Students

Far From The Madding Crowd Essay Gabriel Thomas HardyAdam GatesFar From The Madding Crowd centers around the beautiful Bathsheba Everdene, and the three who love her and try to win her over. Gabriel Oak, Mr. Boldwood, and Sergeant Francis Troy find them selves intertwined in their quest to win Bathsheba. Bathsheba is headstrong, feminine, and beautiful. She inherits her uncles farm, and tries to run it herself. As all of theme were farmers, they didnt think that she cold do it. Although she had a few things go wrong like fires she overall handles her farm very well and became a good farmer. But, her love life was something else. She had three men after her at the same time. The first suitor she met was Gabriel Oak. Farmer Oak was dependable and caring and wise. Without him, Bathsheba couldnt have taken care of the farm. Oak did have his own sheep, but they were killed in a freak accident when they ran off a cliff. Oak is one with nature. He knew just by looking at his shes tails that it was going to rain. He would do anything for Bathsheba (and he did), even thought she denied his first attempt at marriage. In the end thought, Bathsheba did marry Oak. Troy first met Bathsheba as they were walking through the woods. Bathsheba became tangled in the brambles with Troy. He made a few comments to her about how lovely se was and how he would love to stay tangled up with her. Instantly, Bathsheba was in love. Little did she know that Troy was deeply in love with a girl named Fanny Robbins, who was a maid of Bathshebas. Troy ended up marrying Bathsheba, but it was a bad marriage and didnt last for long. Bathsheba was in love with Troys image and he loved her for her money and appearance. The final stra w for their marriage was when Fanny died. Troy lost his true love, an unborn child, and in the end, his own life. Ironically, his death was by the hands of Bathshebas suitor Boldwood. Boldwood was introduced to Bathsheba when she sent him a valentine. Soon, his pleasure turned to obsession for Bathsheba. She constantly denied his advances, but he wouldnt give up. Boldwood eventually found himself on the brink of insanity. When Troy returned, after allowing everyone to believe that he had drowned, Boldwood became enraged when he tried to take Bathsheba away. After all, it was his Christmas party and Bathsheba promised him an answer on his hundredth marriage proposal. Seeing Troy pulling on Bathshebas arm caused Boldwood to shoot Troy. He turned himself into the authorities where a pardon allowed him to live the rest of his life in prison. In the end, Bathsheba happily married to Oak, although I think that it was more of friendship than love. Troy was united with his love in death and Boldwood went from a successful farmer to an old murderer. I really enjoyed this story. I loved the plot and how it ended. I laughed at how everything turned out for each of the characters in the story.

A Day ILl Never Forget free essay sample

My girlfriend and I woke up at five oclock in the morning , and we said a prayer together. We got ready and left the house at 7 oclock am. For some reason, driving to the hospital seemed to take longer than usual. I remember everything about this day as if it was yesterday. We arrived to Morton Plant Hospital and proceeded to the Labor and Delivery unit. The halls were very quiet and I remember thinking to myself this is it this is the day thats gonna change my life forever. After the doctors and the nurses induce my daughters mother it was nothing but a waiting period. After a few hours, my daughters mother began to have some normal contractions she was able to handle them for small period of time; however, the contraction came to become more painful to her. I never wintessed anybody go thourgh no type of pain like she went thourgh. We will write a custom essay sample on A Day ILl Never Forget or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I ask her what the contractions felt like she said, The pain is like having your insides twisted, pulled, and squeezed combined with someone stabbing you in the stomach. The only thing I can say to myself is ouch! After hours of toture pain she couldnt take it anymore, so she went ahead a got a epidurals. When she got the epidural the pain easily ease away. Thank God for epidurals. The time has come after fourteen hours of been in the hospital it was time. My daughters mother had a dialte to ten centemeter and it was time to push . I have never been so scared it was like I was in a hunted house and I couldnt get out. After a few pushes and me almost passing out on the floor she was finally here. When my daughter arrived, I jumped up really high and scream out its a boy I dont know what I saw but I thought she was a boy. She was born healthy and was the cuties baby I ever seen. I never been so happy like I was that day. The day my daughter was born I will never forget. While Ill was expecting a baby boy; I got a beautiful baby girl. That day was a unforgetable day. From the time we woke up that morning and getting to the hositpal . Watching the labor pain my childs mother was going thourgh was the scariest thing I ever saw. The most important feeling was watching the birth of my child. Watching the birth of my baby girl was a unrealistic feeling.