Data Flow charts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Data Flow charts - Essay Example ss called decomposing, modelling hierarchy or leveling; this process of leveling is series of detailing diagrams until all the primitive functions are properly identified. When DFD fits on a single window is known as level 1 DFD. Level 2 is a DFD that expands the level 1 or top-level. All the levels below are level 3, level 3 and so on. A level that cannot be further be decomposed is called bottom-level process (Systems Analysis and Design, n.d.). Flowchart assists the auditors and accountants in analyzing the current system of the organization for the control loopholes and weakness ants the reporting the same to the management. This assists the auditors in defining the audit trail, follow it up and finally evaluate the system. Further it assists in assessment of the control risk of the company. The system analyst use the flowcharts to show how the information flows in an organization environment, thus each department is evaluated on the data is receiving and sending and makes sure only the valid and necessary data is

Depatment of Veterans Affairs Essay Example for Free

Depatment of Veterans Affairs Essay The Department of Veterans Affairs is continuing to have many problems with many of the services that they offer. The service that has been impacted the most is the healthcare division, others such as vocational rehabilitation and the Post 9/11 GI Bill are not providing the proper outlets and support that the veterans are in need of. In recent months the VA has had many accountability problems with regard to patients even dying from lack of services. When these problems first came to light the Federal government investigated some of the problems and there was no accountability for the people that were not doing their jobs. There were also bonuses being given out when people were not doing their jobs. There have been many policy’s put in place such as Department of Veterans Affairs Management Accountability Act of 2014. This should help many of the problems that the VA is having in the healthcare division alone. The largest problem that they are currently having is a large backlog of patients just awaiting to be seen, as well as being understaffed for the amount of staff needed for the large amount of veterans now being seen. Recently the secretary of the VA, Eric Shinseki, resigned from his position and the Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Sloan Gibson took his position for a short period until a new secretary could be chosen. The new Secretary of Veterans Affairs is Robert McDonald. He has proposed many different ways to help get veterans the benefits that they have been waiting for. The backlog is still over 750,000 veterans with almost one third of them still being from the backlog. Some of the more recent problems have been that the Department of Veterans Affairs has caught employees discarding, through burning and shredding, the files of some of the veterans that have applied for benefits. There are other plans being put into place, one by the President, and this is the Veterans Choice Card. This new program will allow veterans to visit other hospitals and doctors outside of the VA for treatment. The Veterans Affairs hospitals can only grow so much until they need help from outside sources to h elp take care of everyone that needs medical attention. There has been an Industry Day as the Veterans Affairs office has been calling it which is going to be for determining the costs for healthcare outside of the VA. The topics that will be covered in this are:Â  Department of Veterans Affairs Management Accountability Act of 2014 Backlog

An Analysis of John Updikes A&P :: John Updike A&P

Interpretation of A&P  Ã‚   This Story takes place in 1961, in a small New England town's A&P grocery store.   Sammy, the narrator, is introduced as a grocery checker and an observer of the store's patrons.   He finds himself fascinated by a particular group of girls.   Just in from the beach and still in their bathing suits, they are a stark contrast, to the otherwise plain store interior.   As they go about their errands, Sammy observes the reactions, of the other customers, to this trio of young women.   He uses the word "Sheep" to describe the store regulars, as they seem to follow one and other, in their actions and reactions.   The girls, however, appear to be unique in all aspects of their beings: walking, down the isles, against the grain: going barefoot and in swim suits, amongst the properly attired clientele. They are different and this is what catches and holds Sammy's attention.   He sees them in such detail, that he can even see the queen of the bunch.   Sammy observes their moveme nts and gestures, up until the time of their checkout.   At which point, they are confronted by the store manager and chastised for their unacceptable appearance.   He believes their attire to be indecent.   Sammy, feeling that the managerial display was unnecessary and unduly embarrassing for the girls, decides to quit his position as checker.   Thought he knows that his decision may be hasty, he knows that he has to follow through and he can never go back.   He leaves, with a clean conscious, but the burden of not knowing what the future has in store.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This story represents a coming-of-age for Sammy.   Though it takes place over the period of a few minutes, it represents a much larger process of maturation.   From the time the girls enter the grocery store, to the moment they leave, you can see changes in Sammy.   At first, he sees only the physicality of the girls:   how they look and what they are wearing, seem to be his only observations.   As the story progresses, he notices the interactions between the girls, and he even determines the hierarchy of the small dynamic.   He observes their actions and how they affect the other patrons of the business.   Rather, how the other people view the girl's actions.   His thought process is maturing and he starts to see things as an adult might see them.

Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers

The Role of Books in Wuthering Heights   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emily Bronte's 1847 masterpiece of English literature, Wuthering Heights, is a very deep and complex book that cannot simply be classified as a love story since there is no traditional happy ending for the primary characters and the heroine dies halfway through the book. This book is such a classic because Bronte has the ability to transform characters feelings onto the paper like no one else can. One important theme that relates to most of the characters in Wuthering Heights is that of books and the role they play throughout the story. There is no simple response to this question since the answer differs with each individual character. It is evident, though, that books are very important to the various relationships encountered in this story and that they can be interpreted in many different ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first incident in which books play a role in this story is also one of the most powerful scenes in the entire book. It occurs when Mr. Lockwood has determined that he must stay the night at Wuthering Heights, his landlord's estate. Heathcliff's servant, Zillah, shows Mr. Lockwood to his room and cautions him to 'hide his candle and not make a noise'; since Heathcliff would not willingly approve of his staying in that room. Just after Mr. Lockwood enters the room, he discovers three names carved over and over onto the ledge near the window, Catherine Earnshaw, Catherine Heathcliff, and Catherine Linton. Mr. Lockwood begins paging through and examining the collection of books he determines to be Catherine's. The books, he notices, have been well used judging from their dilapidation and 'scarcely one chapter had escaped a pen-and-ink commentary at least, the appearance of one covering every morsel of blank that the printer had left.'; After a short time, Mr. Lockwood dozes off but is awaken quickly by the sound of tapping on the casement window. He sleepily decides that it is the rapping of a nearby tree branch and goes back to sleep. Not much later, he dreams that he is again awakened by the same sound and tries to open the window and break off the source of the distraction. He cannot open it and, breaking the glass, reaches for the branch. To his absolute horror, he finds himself grasping a little ice-cold hand while 'a most melancholy voice'; sobs, 'Let me in let me in!'; In a sense of panic, Mr. Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers The Role of Books in Wuthering Heights   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emily Bronte's 1847 masterpiece of English literature, Wuthering Heights, is a very deep and complex book that cannot simply be classified as a love story since there is no traditional happy ending for the primary characters and the heroine dies halfway through the book. This book is such a classic because Bronte has the ability to transform characters feelings onto the paper like no one else can. One important theme that relates to most of the characters in Wuthering Heights is that of books and the role they play throughout the story. There is no simple response to this question since the answer differs with each individual character. It is evident, though, that books are very important to the various relationships encountered in this story and that they can be interpreted in many different ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first incident in which books play a role in this story is also one of the most powerful scenes in the entire book. It occurs when Mr. Lockwood has determined that he must stay the night at Wuthering Heights, his landlord's estate. Heathcliff's servant, Zillah, shows Mr. Lockwood to his room and cautions him to 'hide his candle and not make a noise'; since Heathcliff would not willingly approve of his staying in that room. Just after Mr. Lockwood enters the room, he discovers three names carved over and over onto the ledge near the window, Catherine Earnshaw, Catherine Heathcliff, and Catherine Linton. Mr. Lockwood begins paging through and examining the collection of books he determines to be Catherine's. The books, he notices, have been well used judging from their dilapidation and 'scarcely one chapter had escaped a pen-and-ink commentary at least, the appearance of one covering every morsel of blank that the printer had left.'; After a short time, Mr. Lockwood dozes off but is awaken quickly by the sound of tapping on the casement window. He sleepily decides that it is the rapping of a nearby tree branch and goes back to sleep. Not much later, he dreams that he is again awakened by the same sound and tries to open the window and break off the source of the distraction. He cannot open it and, breaking the glass, reaches for the branch. To his absolute horror, he finds himself grasping a little ice-cold hand while 'a most melancholy voice'; sobs, 'Let me in let me in!'; In a sense of panic, Mr.

Types of Bill of Lading

Types of Bill Of  Lading There are two types of Bill of Lading (B/L) on the basis of Receipt of cargo:- 1. Shipped on Board B/L: Cargo is on board the vessel, It confirms the buyer that cargo is actually shipped. 2. Received for Shipment B/L:   Shipping Company confirms having received the goods for shipment by the vessel mentioned therein. When the goods later loaded on the vessel, a supplementary clause may be inserted in B/L, if it’s not already negotiated: â€Å"Actual shipped on Board† – On (Date) and is signed by Shipping agent or Shipping Company Type of Bill of Lading on the Basis of Trade Parties Involved 1.House Bill of Lading: Issued by Freight Forwarder or Agent having MTO License from DGFT, Ministry of Shipping. 2. Master Bill of Lading: Issued by Shipping or Agent having MTO (Ministry of Transportation) License from DGFT (Director General of Foreign Trade), Ministry of Shipping. Types of Bill of Lading on the basis of Voyage 1. Direct B/L: It co vers transportation on one and same vessel from POL to POD i. e. , shipment on vessels offering direct calls from port to port. 2. Through B/L: It covers transportation with transshipment, Inland transportation involved at origin port or destination or at both the sides.Throughput B/L usually show â€Å"transshipment at carriers’ expense but at consignee’s risk† Types of bills of lading on the basis of beneficiaries: – 1. Bill of Lading â€Å"To Order†: B/L is drawn on order of the shipper, the consignee or bank can be endorsed in favor of another person who may be the final receiver or an intermediate beneficiary. Commonly used in commercial transaction 2. Bill of Lading â€Å"To Bearer†: Bearer of bill of lading can obtain delivery of goods. There is no endorsement of bank or Consignee is required on the same. Types of Bill of Lading on the basis of reservation by the carrier 1.Clean Bill of Lading: If there is no clause or comment by the carrier in the bill of lading than it shall be considered as clear B/L. 2. Clause Bill of Lading: If any clause or comment mentioned than it would be clause bill of Lading. For e. g. , â€Å"Dented Drums† Other Types of Bill of Lading * Inland bill of lading * Ocean bill of lading * Air waybill An inland bill of lading is a document that establishes an agreement between a shipper and a transportation company for the transportation of goods. It is used to lay out the terms for transporting items overland to the exporter’s international transportation company.An ocean bill of lading is a document that provides terms between an exporter and international carrier for the shipment of goods to a foreign location overseas. An air waybill is a bill of lading that establishes terms of flights for the transportation of goods both domestically and internationally. This document also serves as a receipt for the shipper, proving the carrier’s acceptance of the shipperâ€℠¢s goods and agreement to carry those goods to a specific airport. Essentially, an air waybill is a type of through bill of lading.This is because air waybills may cover both international and domestic transportation of goods. By contrast, ocean shipments require both inland and ocean bills of lading. Inland bills of lading are necessary for the domestic transportation of goods and ocean bills of lading are necessary for the international  carriage  of goods. Therefore, through bills of lading may not be used for ocean shipments. Inland and ocean bills of lading may be negotiable or non-negotiable. If the bill of lading is non-negotiable, the transportation carrier is required to provide delivery only to the consignee named in the document.If the bill of lading is negotiable, the person with ownership of the bill of lading has the right of ownership of the goods and the right to re-route the shipment. Air cargo Air cargo shipment is most common and practical way of receiving you r orders on time and cost saving. If your orders volume is 100 kilos plus then air cargo is the best. Receive your order starting from one week to 10 days. Air cargo will deliver the order in specified airport so that the customer or their handling agent should collect it. Shipments by Air CouriersShipment using courier services are the best for relatively smaller orders and samples as they deliver the orders in 4 to 6 days at your doorstep. Nepal Mithila Women Handicraft uses most Reliable couriers like  Ã‚  DHL/ARAMEX/FEDEX/TNT/UPS or SYKNET because they are easier to work with due to their fast and home delivery. These courier companies have expensive rates for the smaller packets but if the orders are more than 25 kilos, the approximate shipping would be US$ 8 to $14 per kilo (depending on the volume and the destination).These courier companies will act as your custom agent to release the goods and delivers the packets at your home. The courier companies does not charge you fo r their own services at the custom BUT if there is custom duties applies on the orders, then thy will reimburse the money from the customer later at the orders delivery time. Labels: Each article will be fixed with label showing made in  Nepal, material composition, washing instructions, size etc. as appropriate. We follow buyers' instruction in case of bulk consignment. Documentations:We prepare the following documentation work from the company and authorized sectors of  Nepal's government for the customs purpose AIR WAYBILL, GSP OR FORM A, INVOICE, PACKING LIST, CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN and other essential documentations to release the shipment from the customs Terms: Air Freight FSC- Fuel surcharge, applicable only at certain times Interline- One airline to another ULD  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Unit load device, an airline container SCR- Specific commodity rate GCR- General commodity rate MAWB- Master air waybill, freight forwarder to freight forwarder air waybill HAWB- House air waybill, shi pper to consignee air waybillIATA- Governing body for international air transportation Ground Freight B-train- 2-20ft. trailers being pulled by one tractor LTL- Less than a truckload FTL  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Full truckload CWT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Per hundred pounds PUP- 20ft. trailer T/L  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Trailer Load Dimensional Freight- Subject to 10# per cubic ft. Calculations: Calculate Kilograms to Pounds kgs x 2. 2= pounds (#) Calculate Pounds to Kilograms Pounds ? 2. 2= kgs Dimensional weight L†xW†xH† ? 366= kgs L†xW†xH† ? 166= pounds Six Steps to Dealing with Customer Complaints At some point, everyone in business has to deal with an upset customer.The challenge is to handle the situation in a way that leaves the customer thinking you operate a great company. If you’re lucky, you can even encourage him or her to serve as a passionate advocate for your brand. When it comes down to it, many customers don't even bother to complain. They simply leave and buy from your competitors. Research suggests that up to 80 percent of customers who leave were, in fact, â€Å"satisfied† with the original company. Obviously, customer satisfaction is not enough. Businesses nowadays need to positively delight customers if they want to earn their loyalty.It may seem counter-intuitive, but a business owner’s ability to effectively deal with customer complaints provides a great opportunity to turn dissatisfied customers into active promoters of the business. Here are some customer-oriented tips I’ve learned while working in the business coaching business:1. Listen carefully to what the customer has to say, and let them finish. Don't get defensive. The customer is not attacking you personally; he or she has a problem and is upset. Repeat back what you are hearing to show that you have listened. 2. Ask questions in a caring and concerned manner.The more information you can get from the customer, the better you will understand his or her perspective. I’ve learned it’s easier to ask questions than to jump to conclusions. 3. Put yourself in their shoes. As a business owner, your goal is to solve the problem, not argue. The customer needs to feel like you’re on his or her side and that you empathize with the situation. 4. Apologize without blaming. When a customer senses that you are sincerely sorry, it usually diffuses the situation. Don't blame another person or department. Just say, â€Å"I'm sorry about that. †5. Ask the customer, â€Å"What would be an acceptable solution to you? Whether or not the customer knows what a good solution would be, I’ve found it’s best to propose one or more solutions to alleviate his or her pain. Become a partner with the customer in solving the problem. 6. Solve the problem, or find someone who can solve it— quickly! Research indicates that customers prefer the person they are speaking with to instantly solve their problem. When comp laints are moved up the chain of command, they become more expensive to handle and only add to the customer's frustration. There is no getting around customer complaints, regardless of your industry.However, by employing these steps and taking the time to review the issue with the customer, you can turn challenges into something constructive. | 10 Tips for dealing with customer complaints Dealing with customer complaints effectively can improve customer retention and help your company gain a reputation for providing good service. Our panel of experts shares their top tips to ensure complaints don’t turn into disasters. 1. Acknowledge their anger and apologise Whilst you are listening to them, make a note (mentally or written down) of the main points of their grievance.Once they are finished, thank them for their comments, acknowledge their anger and apologise. 2. Reassure the customer Use the notes you made whilst listening to demonstrate that you have a secure grasp on the p roblem by giving them a precis of what they have just told you. Mirror some of their (less colourful! ) language, keep your tone measured and calm and ask a closed question at the end to check you have a full understanding. By now, the customer should at least be ready to let you help them. Assure them that is exactly what you’re going to do and explain he realistic options you have available to you. If the customer wants something that simply is not possible, apologise, give reasons why this is not an available option and then tell them what you can do for them. 3. Act Finally, once you have explained what you are going to do to resolve the customer’s problem, do it. Follow it through and ensure that what you promised is delivered. Hopefully, by this point, you will have a happy customer who will return to your company, not to mention a happy agent whose days are a little less stressful! 4. Make it easy to speak to a live agentCommunicate the ease and accessibility of reaching live agents in channels of the customer’s choosing, and prepare and empower your employees to provide first-contact resolution. Most customers who say it is hard to deal with a company said it was because their issue was not resolved the first time they contacted them for service. Self-service certainly has its time and place, but when issues are complex or frustrating, customers want (and demand) access to live agents. In fact, preference for live web chat has grown in the last year. 5. Aggressively promote the fact that you want feedbackYou want to know when you get it wrong. And, make it easy for customers to contact you and get immediate access to empowered and empathetic agents. If customers can’t find a convenient way to give feedback, they may just defect to another company without saying a word. 6. Use proactive communication Let the customer know about an issue first and connect them to an agent. Almost all customers say it is appropriate for a compa ny they do business with to proactively contact them. However, companies must be sensitive to the reasons and channels they employ, as the vast majority of customers are not open to anything and everything.You only get one chance, so don’t burn the bridge by not providing the best agent and technology-based experiences your customers want and expect. 7. Empathize with the customer The first thing you need to think about when dealing with complaints is how you would feel if you were the one making the complaint. Empathy and understanding are paramount to giving good customer service whether it is in sales, customer service or customer complaints departments. Allow the customer to vent their feelings and then remind them that you are here to help them and will do everything in your power to resolve the issue.This gives them the feeling that you see them as more than just a number on a system and can act to calm the customer down especially if it is a difficult or challenging si tuation. The fact that you are offering to help them goes a long way to calming them down initially and if you can minimise passing them from department to department this will also help them to remain calm and listen to any options you put forward. Base the discussions with the customer on facts, don’t let emotion drive the conversation. Ian Jensen, Team Manager, RESPONSE  (www. response-uk. co. uk) 8.Make sure you act on social media Social media is becoming the vehicle of choice for customers, frustrated by poor customer service. But these complaints can be amplified very loudly – particularly on Twitter. Start by listening to the social media channels. Once you understand what is being said it is time to intervene. This can also be by social media – particularly to try and find out a customer’s phone number – but would probably be better if it is by a proactive follow up call. If this is done in a timely fashion it can go a long way to diffus e any frustration the customer is feeling. 9.A complaint is an opportunity for the business to learn and grow As a business, every complaint should be treated as serious and the customer with a small ‘expression of dissatisfaction’ should be given the same courtesy as someone whose complaint is huge. Remember to be a ‘goodwill’ company. Be thankful that your customer is voicing their problem, but realise that they may still use your competition the next time they need your product or service. You may not gain their future loyalty, but use the situation they bring up to minimise it happening again. 10. Act on the new knowledge you haveOne of the most important factors in complaint handling is to demonstrate that the company has acknowledged the complaint for the future. Don’t stop at telling them that feedback such as theirs helps you to grow as a company – make it feel real by telling them how you will be raising this issue with the customer s ervices manager so that (where possible) this is 1) resolved 2) not repeated with other customers. Finally, after the complaint has been dealt with and is coming to a close, advise them that you hope that this recent situation hasn’t adversely affected their long term relationship with you as a company.Reiterate that you hope the compensation you are offering may go some way to restoring their faith in the company / product or service. Listen  carefully to the customer. Know and understand the complaint  of the customer and never interrupt him or her. Remember that they want to be heard and let the customer release any emotional irritation before saying anything. This could make the customer feel that you are listening and acknowledging the feelings carefully. Empathize with the customer. Repeat the complaint and confirm to signify that you got it correctly.Thank the customer for bringing the problem to your attention for  better customer service  of the company. Apol ogize. Reasonable and unreasonable  complaints  are valued by the customer that needs proper attention or  customer service. Apologize for the inconvenience that complain may have affected the customer. Explain the reasons or the company’s side politely. No matter how angry the customer is, try to remain calm and patient while you address the complain properly. Have a clear  answer  and give data if necessary to support your explanation. Take responsibility for action.Let the customer feel that the complain will be taken into action. Explain what action you will take to correct the problem. Commit to give feedback as soon as possible preferably with a given date to assure the customer that the complain will be handled immediately. End the conversation by asking the customer for other things that you may be of service aside from the complain. 5 GOLDEN RULES If you are in a business, you will eventually have to interact with disgruntled customers and the way you handl e the issue is the way you are going to be known in the market.Make no mistake here – a disgruntled client will always create a large damaging ripple for your image. Carry on like this and very soon you will be known as the company with the worst customer service. You cannot afford this or you will lose business sooner than later. Hence, you need to learn how to handle a complaint effectively. Here are the rules for handling  customer complaints  that will promote your business better than any advertisement: Respond instantly  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ when a customer complains, respond instantly.The more they wait, the more they get frustrated and hence, would be more inclined to be unreasonable. Do not wait for their irritation to escalate to anger. Respond to their complaint message immediately. Believe that customer’s complaint is genuine  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ one of the worst steps of counteraction a company can give is implying that the customer is dishonest or unrealistic. Tell the client that you believe their complaint is genuine and you are trying your best to see what can be done to help. Apologize for the pain they feel not for the mistake  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the mistake is not always yours.However, the complaining individual is genuinely aggrieved. Apologize to the customer for the pain they have experienced. Saying sorry for their (customer’s) discomfort is not the same as saying sorry for a mistake that your company has done. However, when you say sorry genuinely, the customer is more often than not already pacified and ready to listen to you with an open mind. Do your best  to meet their expectations  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ one of the most important rules for  handling customer complaints  is showing that you are doing your best to help.You will find that the majority of people are reasonable in their expectations. Just knowing that you are making all the effort to help them will often open the door to negotiations on how to resolve the problem towards mutua l benefit. If it is your mistake, overcompensate  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ there will be instances when the customer is right. The service/ product/ experience/ was bad. If you are guilty of any such thing, the rules for handling  customer complaints  say that you acknowledge, apologize and immediately over compensate the aggrieved client.In this way, you are eliminating a  disgruntled customer  and appointing a free goodwill ambassador for your brand; for this customer will not stop praising you after that. CASE STUDY ANSWERS Divide the answer into 5 parts: 1. Define the Problem Describe the problem in the workplace. What is involved in making it a problem? 2. Analyze the Problem Tell about how you collected information for analyzing data: the process you utilized for extracting maximum information from the facts. 3. Generate possible SolutionsExplain the factors you took for making a decision: how did you get to the root cause of the problem? How did you identify the likely causes of pr oblem? How did you generate a number of possible solutions? 4. Select the best Solution(s) and course of actions Describe the actions you took: why did you choose these actions? What were the results you expected to achieve? Describe how you organized ideas into process flow and common theme and the way you monitor result. Don’t forget the risk management factors. 5. Lesson learned What did you get? What was going right? What do you learn from that experience?

NLGLA essays

NLGLA essays The National Lesbian and Gay Law Association (NLGLA) promotes equality and diversity for those involved in the legal professions. The NLGLA sponsors the Lavender Law Conference annually in conjunction with the National Lesbian and Gay Law Foundation. The conference, which is held this year in Minneapolis, will feature conferences, course, and other activities for participants. Over seven hundred attorneys, law professors, and law students are expected to attend the conference this year. Topics that the Lavender Law Conference addresses include the revision of sodomy laws, the settling of wills and estates, discrimination, diversity, domestic violence, immigration, and any other issue that affects the gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender communities. A career fair will also be one of the showcases at the Lavender Law Conference, which has a website at . The NLGLA also sponsors a writing competition in honor of Michael Greenberg, an NGLA member who recently passed away. Called the Greenberg Competition, it is one of the examples of how the NLGLA serves student communities. Other ways NLGLA specifically helps law students include the NLGLA Listserv, the career fair at the Lavender Law Conference, and information about entering the legal profession. For instance, the NLGLA website presents a link to the Law School Admission Council (LSAC), which states, "The movement for social and legal recognition of the rights of lesbians, gay men, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) people is now a part of the national discourse, with new developments occurring at an unprecedented paceLawyers have played a key role in these developments, and will continue to do so for years to come." Civil rights remains one of the key issues addressed by NLGLA members. Members of the NLGLA, who practice or teach different types of law, are all concerne...

Free Essays on Somalia

Introduction This paper will discuss the Somali social and political organizational structure which is based on kinship groups. There are six main clan- families, the Dir, the Darod, the Isaq, the Hawiye, the Digil and the Rahanweyn. These clans-families are further subdivided into smaller clans. These clans, in turn, are subdivided into sub clans, or primary lineage groups. It is also claimed that all Somalis trace their origin t two brothers, Samaal and Saab (Sab). These brothers are said to have been members of the Prophet Muhammad’s tribe, the Qurash of Arabia. Although his can not be proven, most Somalis know this to be true. (Fox, pg 31) History Somalia is the easternmost country on the African continent. Its capital and largest city is Mogadishu. Somalia is often referred to as the Horn of Africa. Almost all of the Somali people are Sunni Muslims and speak the Somali language. However, some Somalis do speak Italian, Arabic, and English. The official name for Somalia is the Somali Democratic Republic. It became an independent nation in 1960. Before that Somalia’s northern section was ruled by the British and the Southern section was ruled by Italy. Most of Somalia came under colonial rule during the 1800’s. During the mid 1880’s the British occupied much of northern Somalia and they named it British Somaliland. In the late 1880’s, the Italians gained control over the southern part of Somalia and established the colony of the Italian Somaliland. By the 1900’s Somali nationalist began to fight the British Italians and the Ethiopians to regain control of their land. During this crucial time in Somalia history, Sayyid Muhammad Adbille Hassan was the leader of the nationalist and was destined to become a great leader. He was born on April 7, 1864 and was a member of the Ogaden Clan. â€Å"At the early age of seven, Muhammad began to learn the Quran under a local teacher, and by the age of ten, when his grand... Free Essays on Somalia Free Essays on Somalia Introduction This paper will discuss the Somali social and political organizational structure which is based on kinship groups. There are six main clan- families, the Dir, the Darod, the Isaq, the Hawiye, the Digil and the Rahanweyn. These clans-families are further subdivided into smaller clans. These clans, in turn, are subdivided into sub clans, or primary lineage groups. It is also claimed that all Somalis trace their origin t two brothers, Samaal and Saab (Sab). These brothers are said to have been members of the Prophet Muhammad’s tribe, the Qurash of Arabia. Although his can not be proven, most Somalis know this to be true. (Fox, pg 31) History Somalia is the easternmost country on the African continent. Its capital and largest city is Mogadishu. Somalia is often referred to as the Horn of Africa. Almost all of the Somali people are Sunni Muslims and speak the Somali language. However, some Somalis do speak Italian, Arabic, and English. The official name for Somalia is the Somali Democratic Republic. It became an independent nation in 1960. Before that Somalia’s northern section was ruled by the British and the Southern section was ruled by Italy. Most of Somalia came under colonial rule during the 1800’s. During the mid 1880’s the British occupied much of northern Somalia and they named it British Somaliland. In the late 1880’s, the Italians gained control over the southern part of Somalia and established the colony of the Italian Somaliland. By the 1900’s Somali nationalist began to fight the British Italians and the Ethiopians to regain control of their land. During this crucial time in Somalia history, Sayyid Muhammad Adbille Hassan was the leader of the nationalist and was destined to become a great leader. He was born on April 7, 1864 and was a member of the Ogaden Clan. â€Å"At the early age of seven, Muhammad began to learn the Quran under a local teacher, and by the age of ten, when his grand...

Famous Chinese Horse Proverb Sai Weng Lost His Horse

Famous Chinese Horse Proverb 'Sai Weng Lost His Horse' Chinese proverbs (è « ºÃ¨ ªÅ¾, ynyÃ… ­) are an important aspect of Chinese culture and language. But what makes Chinese proverbs all the more extraordinary is that so much is communicated in so few characters. Proverbs generally carry multiple layers of meaning despite the fact that they are commonly only comprised of four characters. These short sayings and idioms each sum up a larger, well-known cultural story or myth, the moral of which is meant to convey some greater truth or provide guidance in everyday life. There are hundreds of famous Chinese proverbs from Chinese literature, history, art, and ​famous figures and philosophers. Some of our favorites are horse proverbs.​ The Significance of the Horse in Chinese Culture The horse is an important motif in Chinese culture and, in particular, Chinese mythology. In addition to the very real contributions made to China by the horse as a means of transportation to military power, the horse holds great symbolism to the Chinese. Of the twelve cycles of the Chinese zodiac, the seventh is associated with the horse. The horse is also a famous symbol within mythological composite creatures like the longma or dragon-horse, which was associated with one of the legendary sage rulers. The Most Famous Chinese Horse Proverb One of the most famous horse proverbs is Ã¥ ¡Å¾Ã§ ¿ Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã© ¦ ¬ (SÄ i WÄ“ng ShÄ « MÇŽ) or SÄ i WÄ“ng lost his horse. The meaning of the proverb is only apparent when one is familiar with the accompanying story of SÄ i WÄ“ng, which begins with an old man who lived on the frontier: SÄ i WÄ“ng lived on the border and he raised horses for a living. One day, he lost one of his prized horses. After hearing of the misfortune, his neighbor felt sorry for him and came to comfort him. But SÄ i WÄ“ng simply asked, â€Å"How could we know it is not a good thing for me?†After a while, the lost horse returned and with another beautiful horse. The neighbor came over again and congratulated  SÄ i WÄ“ng on his good fortune. But SÄ i WÄ“ng simply asked, â€Å"How could we know it is not a bad thing for me?†One day, his son went out for a ride with the new horse. He was violently thrown from the horse and broke his leg. The neighbors once again expressed their condolences to SÄ i WÄ“ng, but SÄ i WÄ“ng simply said, â€Å"How could we know it is not a good thing for me?† One year later, the Emperor’s army arrived at the village to recruit all able-bodied men to fight in the war. Because of his injury, SÄ i WÄ“ngâ₠¬â„¢s son could not go off to war, and was spared from certain death. The Meaning of SÄ i WÄ“ng ShÄ « MÇŽ The proverb can be read to have multiple implications when it comes to the concept of luck and fortune. The end of the story seems to suggest that every misfortune comes with a silver lining, or as we might put it in English- a blessing in disguise. But within the story is also the sense that with what at first appears to be good luck can come misfortune. Given its dual meaning, this proverb is commonly said when bad luck turns to good or when good luck turns to bad.

DECISION MAKING Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

DECISION MAKING - Assignment Example The main challenge faced by Apple in its decision making process is regarding introduction of new products and services in the market. The premium price charged by the concerned company might create problem for its business operation in the long run. Apple Inc is well known for offering new and innovative products to its customers. The concerned company is constantly engaged in introducing unique products in the market. But the problem faced by the concerned company in delivering its new product is in determining whether the product introduced in the markets fulfils the expectations of its potential customers. The company charges high price as compared to its competitors. Therefore Apple remains in dilemma whether the consumer will consider the unique specification or feature included in the product or will compare the price while purchasing a particular product. The concerned company gained competitive advantages over its competitors in the market. Therefore in order to maintain its brand value and brand equity in the market Apple Inc is required to consider the psychological and behavioral aspects of the customers. The company is focusing only on the high end products, which might create a problem of sustainability of its business operation in long course of time. Apple is required to emphasize on introducing products both for its high end as well as low end consumers in the market. The alternatives considered for overcoming the decision making problem associated with the introduction of new product in the market is to make its premium and high-end products more attractive to its customers. The concerned company is focusing on differentiation strategy for its premium products and low cost producer which will offer an adequate product with low price. The low end product provided by the concerned company to its customers in the market should be charged below its competitor’s price. The list of resources utilized in the

The travel and tourism sector Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The travel and tourism sector - Coursework Example Leisure tourism was a common thing even in the Egyptian and Babylonian empires. Most of the travelling had to do with visiting religious temples. In those days most people travelled by foot, with only the wealthy being borne in litters from place to place. Many centuries later, in the fourth century, even had advertisements posted on city walls which informed people travelling to religious festivals about the available inns in the towns of Sparta, Athens and Troy. During the era of the Roman Empire, Roman soldier patrols allowed Roman citizens to be able to travel in relative safety within the empire’s jurisdiction. The Roman Empire also built high quality roads to places like Rhodes and Sicily- thus easing the travelling expeditions of its citizens. From 300 AD, many people from all over the world would travel to the Holy Land on spiritual pilgrimages. The Romans were the first civilization to use (itineraria) guidebooks which had lists of inns and different marks indicating varying quality. The areas near the city, Rome, even had homes that were constructed to house the multitudes of visitors who came to the city in springtime to enjoy the entertainments that were common at this time. The tourist resorts around ‘Naples’ were mainly favoured by Roman intellectuals as well as retired wealthy citizens. The region of ‘Baiae’ was more frequented by the lower elements of Roman society and was notorious for all- night singing. With the collapse of the Roman Empire, travel became much more dangerous for people as there were no patrols to keep the roads safe. The Pre-Industrial Age Between the 16th to 18th centuries in Europe, the citizens of many nations were more mobile than was the case during the Middle Age s (Veal 2006). The Northern European landed gentry often sent their sons to places like Greece and Italy to learn more about different cultures as part of the "Grand Tour". For the most part, people still walked to different places; it is only the wealthy who used carriages to travel. When travelling longer distances, citizens from different nations would also use horses and ships. The ships did not have motors, but used the wind’s power. Due to the fact that the speed of travel was limited most governments authorized the building of cities near the major waterways so as to make trade easier. The Industrial Revolution started in the 1700s in England and subsequently spread North America and Europe. Nations in Western Europe stopped being cantered around agricultural activities began to identify as industrial societies. When manufacturing facilities began to engage in mass production many citizens moved into the cities. To facilitate this, canals were developed to ease water t ravel and railways were created to speed travel into the main cities. These alterations made it easier for people to be able to travel over long distances. The subsequent creation of the combustible engine, the automobile, and the airplane further enabled more effective and faster travel across both water and land, while also increasing the number of regions in which people could engage in trade. While this increased the incidences of tourism, it is not until the 1950s when commercial jets became affordable for ordinary citizens that masses of people were able to visit tourist destination that they had only previously read about. The 1960s so the beginning of a new trend- backpacking- in Europe and America. Hippies would travel to areas of interest such as Morocco, Guatemala, Bali, and, most often, India. Backpackers wanted to experience life as citizens of different nations and so did not want to be secluded from the populations of the citizens they travelled through. The 1980s saw other nations outside Europe and America start to take a keen interest in travelling for leisure. Today,

Analytical Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analytical Science - Essay Example Others are counterfeit drugs and outright fake ones. The need of the drug regulations was necessary so as to guarantee that there was efficiency safety, and superiority of drugs in addition to exactness and the correctness of the drug information that are available to the society (Habet, 32) . The work was not aimed to rank the countries under the study against any criterion. Rather, the aim was to synthesize their experiences and later draws conclusions on generic from countries that were participating and others get to learn from them. There was a systematic study was done of drug regulations and its surroundings across countries and there was shed a new illumination on the state of affairs of the country. these was so since there needed to provide a new perspective about the constraints it was facing, and also provide the options on the way to advance the means the method was to function. The structures of drug regulations that exist today that is the drug regulatory, laws, evalua tion boards, quality control laboratories, informational centers have evolved over with time. In this process the scope of the regulatory powers and legislative had gradually expanded, in regards to both the increasing complexity of the increasingly sophisticated pharmaceutical sector, and the perceived requirements of the society (Foroutan, 69). In other countries, the enactment of the comprehensive drugs regulations was as a result of the crisis-led change, when the society demands led then the adoption of laws that are restrictive so as to provide greater safe guards to the society. The drug regulation body is a society policy that response to the perceived requirements and the problems of the society. Consequently, the laws need to be upgraded to keep up the pace of the changes and the new challenges in the surroundings (Pika 24). The laws ought to be protective to the society from dubious and harmful drugs and practices. They need to be inclusive adequate to cover up all areas of pharmaceutical activities in the country. These include the herbal or homeopathic drugs they ought to be legal mandates that are imposed on the importation of drugs. The essay laid down the conclusions on generic from the weakness and strengths of different types and then identifies the features that affect the performance of the regulation of drugs. The government acted as the guardian of controlling the private powers in the public purposes. These have ensured the efficacy, safety and the quality of drugs that are available to the society was the main aim of the drug regulation. If the goals based on regulatory were to be achieved, then the appropriate structures were to be invented and the correct activities carried out acquire the desired goals. The rapid HPLC method for Analysis Temperature (Â °C) Old Formulation Methylprednisolone Conc. (ppm) New Formulation Methylprednisolone Conc. (ppm) 30 45.21 Â ± 3 46.1 Â ± 2.100 40 41.34 Â ± 4.2 40.45 Â ± 4.123 50 40 Â ± 3.54 39 Â ± 5 60 35.67 Â ± 6 38.987Â ± 4 70 37 Â ± 2.456 37.34 Â ± 3.654 80 21.567 Â ± 3.234 36.321 Â ± 1.567 90 23 Â ± 5 37.23 Â ± 5.012 Â   Â   Â   Temperature (Â °C) Formulation 1 Methylprednisolon

Investigation of the different Power Plant operating in the UK and the Dissertation

Investigation of the different Power Plant operating in the UK and the alternative ways of generating power - Dissertation Example Though the infrastructure for tidal power needs major capital investments, once built, they need very little additional expenses. They will supply electricity for at least three future generations without any fuel being consumed, since the tidal energy comes from the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon. While fossil-fuel plants fill the atmosphere with the greenhouse gas carbon-di-oxide and nuclear power plants produce radioactive waste carrying risk of contamination, tidal power plants are free from greenhouse emissions and are non-polluting. The UK has abundant tidal resources ranging from the Severn Estuary to Solway Firth and Mersey estuaries totaling 42 sites. According to NATTA,The tidal barrage potential of UK is around 20% of its total energy requirements while another 19% of the total energy requirements can be supplied by tidal current power plants. A single barrage at Severn Estuary would provide 6% of UK power needs by generating 8000MW of electricity out of the 30 00GW of tidal power that can be extracted globally. As per another source, at least 5% of UK electricity needs can be supplied from tidal range sources and another 5% power can be obtained from tidal stream technologies to total 10% of its energy requirements from tidal resources. ... Tidal energy technology will help the UK government to achieve its twin energy policy objectives of tackling climate change by reducing carbon-di-oxide emissions and ensuring secure, clean and affordable energy while the country gets increasingly dependent on imported fuels(SDC,2007,p28). By displacing output from fossil-fuelled power plants, the electricity from tidal energy will make a significant contribution to the UK governments energy targets. The variability from tidal energy can be accommodated by upgrading the grid network. In addition, the tidal barrage can protect the estuary from flood risks by providing significant level of coastal protection to low-lying areas.(SDC,2007,p8). Moreover, a barrage can offer leisure and tourism opportunities in a wide variety of activities such as angling, bird-watching and surfing.The Severn Barrage would help to create a number of jobs especially in the construction stages and also cause substantial development of the region and its peopl e by increasing the real estate values and enhancing commercial and residential development .In fact in UK, electricity from the tidal power is the best option for the future to ensure that power generated from renewable energy sources can deliver a 60% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, with the proposed Severn Barrage, if constructed and commissioned, constituting 5% contribution to freeing the electric supply from carbon-di-oxide producing technologies. REFERENCE NATTA(n.d,) Renewable Energy in the UK Available at

International Supply Chains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Supply Chains - Essay Example More simply, it is the science (and art) of ensuring that the right products reach the right place in the right quantity at the right time to satisfy customer demand. It has also been defined as "the management of inventory in motion and at rest". (Source:http://www.ocs.ca/english/30_logistics.html). A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials; transformation of this material into intermediate and finished products; and distribution of these finished products to customers. (Source: Ganeshan & Harrison - Introduction to Supply Chain Management) International Supply Chains are those supply chains that transcend national boundaries in their operations. Logistics and supply chain solutions help clients realize the many benefits of an improved supply chain. They include reducing distribution costs, improving customer service, speeding up sales process and improving customer loyalty. The United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods (Geneva, 24 May 1980) states that "International multimodal transport" means the carriage... The United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods (Geneva, 24 May 1980) states that "International multimodal transport" means the carriage of goods by at least two different modes of transport on the basis of a multimodal transport contract from a place in one country at which the goods are taken in charge by the multimodal transport operator to a place designated for delivery situated in a different country. The operations of pick-up and delivery of goods carried out in the performance of a unimodal transport contract, as defined in such contract, shall not be considered as international multimodal transport." In loosely coined terms of day-to-day industry usage, multi-modal simply represents a combination of truck, rail, water, and or air transport to haul everything from small to large items, from raw materials to finished goods, and from perishable to non-perishables. (Source from website ). Major transport growths tries to achieve a balance between providing accessibility to the markets, economic efficiency and reduce threat to the environment. Multimodal transport, that is using two or more transport modes for a trip between which a transfer is necessary, has been touted as a solution for the current transportation issues. This came into full force with the invention of the container in 1960's by Malcolm MacLean. McLean explained that while sitting at a dock waiting for cargo he trucked in to be reloaded onto a ship, he realized that rather than loading and unloading the truck, the truck itself (with some minor modifications) could be the container that is transported. (Source from website ). The improvement in

Investigation of the different Power Plant operating in the UK and the Dissertation

Investigation of the different Power Plant operating in the UK and the alternative ways of generating power - Dissertation Example Though the infrastructure for tidal power needs major capital investments, once built, they need very little additional expenses. They will supply electricity for at least three future generations without any fuel being consumed, since the tidal energy comes from the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon. While fossil-fuel plants fill the atmosphere with the greenhouse gas carbon-di-oxide and nuclear power plants produce radioactive waste carrying risk of contamination, tidal power plants are free from greenhouse emissions and are non-polluting. The UK has abundant tidal resources ranging from the Severn Estuary to Solway Firth and Mersey estuaries totaling 42 sites. According to NATTA,The tidal barrage potential of UK is around 20% of its total energy requirements while another 19% of the total energy requirements can be supplied by tidal current power plants. A single barrage at Severn Estuary would provide 6% of UK power needs by generating 8000MW of electricity out of the 30 00GW of tidal power that can be extracted globally. As per another source, at least 5% of UK electricity needs can be supplied from tidal range sources and another 5% power can be obtained from tidal stream technologies to total 10% of its energy requirements from tidal resources. ... Tidal energy technology will help the UK government to achieve its twin energy policy objectives of tackling climate change by reducing carbon-di-oxide emissions and ensuring secure, clean and affordable energy while the country gets increasingly dependent on imported fuels(SDC,2007,p28). By displacing output from fossil-fuelled power plants, the electricity from tidal energy will make a significant contribution to the UK governments energy targets. The variability from tidal energy can be accommodated by upgrading the grid network. In addition, the tidal barrage can protect the estuary from flood risks by providing significant level of coastal protection to low-lying areas.(SDC,2007,p8). Moreover, a barrage can offer leisure and tourism opportunities in a wide variety of activities such as angling, bird-watching and surfing.The Severn Barrage would help to create a number of jobs especially in the construction stages and also cause substantial development of the region and its peopl e by increasing the real estate values and enhancing commercial and residential development .In fact in UK, electricity from the tidal power is the best option for the future to ensure that power generated from renewable energy sources can deliver a 60% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, with the proposed Severn Barrage, if constructed and commissioned, constituting 5% contribution to freeing the electric supply from carbon-di-oxide producing technologies. REFERENCE NATTA(n.d,) Renewable Energy in the UK Available at

Registered Nurses Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Registered Nurses - Research Paper Example More than 60 percent of their jobs are in hospital set-ups. Their scope of work depends from country to country and state to state and is guided by various Nurse Practice Acts. The 3 most important paths of education to becoming registered nurses are, In this essay, the role and scope of practice of diploma from any approved nursing programs, associate degree and bachelors degree. following these degrees, the job opportunities for registered nurses is excellent, but is dependent on the nature of employment setting and geographic setting (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010). The main role of registered nurses in any work setting regardless of the speciality they are employed in is to "treat patients, educate patients and the public about various medical conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients family members† (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010). The registered nurses record the medical histories and clinical presentation of the patients, help in the performance of diagnostic tests as advised by the physicians, analyze the results of the diagnostic tests, operate medical and surgical machinery, administer various medications to the patients as instructed by physicians and help the patient with follow-up and rehabilitation. The registered nurses have a very important role to play in the education of the patients, their family members and public. They educate about the management of injuries and illnesses, explain about various home-are needs in the post-treatment phase, advise about, nutrition, diet and exercise and provide in formation on self-medication and physiotherapy (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010). In some conditions, the registered nurses also work in collaboration with other health professionals to educate the public about various warning sings and symptoms of particular disease, like, for example, swine flu. In the process of caring for patients, registered nurses contribute to

Some of the events in Lord of the Flies are violent and disturbing Essay Example for Free

Some of the events in Lord of the Flies are violent and disturbing Essay Some of the events in Lord of the Flies are violent and disturbing. Choose at least two of these events and write about: * What is violent and disturbing in them * The importance of these events in the novel * How the writer makes the events violent and disturbing. In this novel there are many disturbing and violent events, one of which is when tribe of boys are killing the mother pig. The descriptive images of the pig being killed are very violent, Jack was on top of the sow, stabbing downward with his knife. This is because Jack is deliberately killing the pig and in an unpleasant manner. Not only is it violent but also disturbing. The reason this, is that the boys who are involved in killing the pig are enjoying it and at the site of the blood makes them excited wanting them to do it more. Bleeding like mad, the hunters flowed, excited by the long chase and dropped blood. When the boys finally killed the sow they carried on with the violence by taking a spear and placing it through the pigs backside. The boys found this very funny and were crying with laughter. This is disturbing as they now think torturing and killing is fun. It is important that Jack and his hunters killed the pig as it shows how cruel they are, the pig represents innocence and venerability as it is the colour pink, only someone so evil could kill a sow with young. Another reason for the importance of this event is that it shows the readers that Jack controls the civilisation on the island, which is violent and evil and will influenced others. This also makes the readers wonder if they will stop at killing pigs as they enjoy doing it and soon there will be no pigs left. The way Golding makes these events violent and disturbing is by the language he uses. These are descriptive and unpleasant words such as bloody, terror and stabbing. Words like these make the event clearer so the reader can picture what is happening; these images that are created are disturbing. Golding also makes this event more disturbing in the way that he makes the characters react with what they have just done or what they are about to do; he giggled and flinked them while the boys laughed at his reeking hands. Another disturbing and violent event in this novel is when Ralph is wounded by the hunters and has no choice but to hide. What makes this event violent is that Jack deliberately harms Ralph The spear tore the skin and flesh over Ralphs ribs. This also makes it disturbing because it seems now that Jacks answer to most of is problems are violence, which is harm to others. Another disturbing part of this event, which is an outcome from violence, is when Ralph is looking at his wounds. The bruised flesh was inches in diameter over his ribs. The picture that this gives us is unpleasant but at the same time it causes sympathy towards Ralph as it seems that he doesnt deserve what has happened to him. The importance of this event in the novel is that it shows that the innocence has completely gone, they are not civilised and are out of control. It shows us that we cannot live peacefully and civilised without others to learn from. A good example of this is Jack as he has turned from the boy who was an innocent choir boy to a savage violent boy. As after he wounded Ralph it became the final hunt as he was to burn the whole island just to kill him, without thinking of what they were going to survive on after. Golding makes these events violent and disturbing by again using unpleasant images and by making the boys harm others in away we would not. He also uses words like; bruised flesh, swollen and tore to create these horrid images. The importance of the event in the violent killing of the sow is that it helps change Jacks and the other hunters characters, they become more savage, this is because they are performing violent actions which are disturbing. The boys are doing this because they have discovered that they enjoy and find it exciting harming; excited by the long chase and the dropped blood. This eventually prepares them into the killing of Piggy and then the hunt of Ralph, which is the climax of the book and shows us that all order on the island is out of control.

Appraisal On Different Aspects Of Project Management Construction Essay

Appraisal On Different Aspects Of Project Management Construction Essay It is the purpose of this report to provide a critical appraisal on the development, scope, benefits and influence of project management with particular reference to how custom and practice in different countries can influence the role and responsibilities of the project manager. The Project Manager In Brief A project manager is appointed by a client who has a project that requires to be implemented. It is the project managers duty to solely represent the client and ensure that all decisions and actions are in the clients best interests. The project manager should ideally be involved at the earliest possible time and his role is to communicate, lead, organise and delegate from inception of the project to completion of the project. The project manager must communicate primarily with the client, and subsequently lead and organise everyone who has an input on the project based on the clients needs. The project managers duties dont stop there, organisation includes project timeframe and a programme of work detailing how the work is carried out. The project manager must delegate any activities or responsibilities to appropriate personnel such as notifying a plumber that a heating pipe requires relocating. It is not the clients responsibility to tell the contractors what to do, it is the proje ct managers role under the clients instructions. Why Do Clients Need A Project Manager? Project managers are employed by clients to save them money, time and hassle. Many clients are unaware and unsure of construction procedures, building design, construction costs, building contracts and particularly, managing a project. The project manager at the inception stage of the project, i.e stage A of the RIBA plan of work, can partake in discussions with the client to obtain the clients ideas, objectives and needs of the project. This will include primarily, a budget, a timescale, a brief outline of their design requirements such as metres squared of office space or number of seats in a football stadium. As the client may have had ideas regarding this project for a period of time now, it will be likely they have a particular design scheme in mind, and the feasibility of this scheme can be discussed with the project manager to ensure that client has a realistic design within their desired budget. Many projects are designed by an architect and are taken through to site operations, i.e part J / K of the RIBA plan of work without any input from an experienced site contractor / project manager. This can lead to feasibility / cost issues on site as unfortunately not every architect has the concept of how buildings are constructed in detail. However the appointment of a project manager can eliminate these types of problems prior to site operations as his opinion on the architects proposals can be sought at the planning stage, i.e part C / D of the RIBA plan work. The RIBA Plan of Work Below is a list of the various stages of the RIBA plan of work with a small description of the project managers role at each stage: A Appraisal Determine feasibility of clients requirements. Design/Cost/Quality. B Strategic Briefing Receive strategic brief from client. C Outline Proposals Develop brief, prepare outline proposal approximate cost. D Detailed Proposals Develop proposal, provide information on cost estimate, consult local authorities, gain approval from client, submit planning application. E Final Proposals Develop proposal to full working drawings, obtain further cost estimate, obtain approval from client on construction methods, specification cost. Apply for building warrant Advise on a programme. F Production Information Organise the preparation of a detailed cost such as a bill of quantities quantifying all the required work to enable a contractor to insert rates. G Tender Documentation Send out tender documents to main contractor(s). H Tender Action Once received the tenders back from contractors, study compare prices and discuss with client. Select clients preferred contractor based on advice given to client. J Mobilisation Provide any additional information to CDM coordinator and contractor prior to construction works. K Site Operation Site visits, provide further information to contractor as required, review design information received from specialists or contractor. Prepare as built drawings for health and safety file. Advise on maintenance of building. Communicate and organise with all project contributors. L Completion Inspect building for defects, provide information for final payment to be made to contractor. M Feedback Study suitability of the buildings design for required use. The project team can be large in number and each member of the team has different roles to play and time to perform that role. Based on the above stages A to M of the RIBA plan of work the following project team members are involved at the following stages: Architect A to M Designs, produces drawings, instructs contractor. Quantity surveyor A to M Provides cost information at outset and detailed bill of quantities at stage G. Measures construction work carried out at stage K to calculate payment to contractor. Project manager A to M Leads, communicates and organises rest of project team. Engineers (Structural / M+E / Civil) D to J Provides detailed structural drawings / details. Advises on services and ground conditions etc. Builder / Contractor D to M Constructs and completes project. Duties, Responsibilities, Tasks Skills of The Project Manager The project manager is involved at all five stages of a project: Defining Definition of client objectives and project strategies. Planning Preparation of specifications, schedules and budgets. Implementing Monitoring of site performance of contractors and any specialists etc and taking necessary corrective actions. Completing Delivering project output and finalising project input. Evaluation Gaining experience from the project, learning from mistakes / problems to try and improve future performance / organisation. A project manager provides a service to the client to take the clients project idea through to completion. It is the number one priority of a project manager to look after the clients best interests from inception of the project to completion. It is his duty to discuss any necessary changes to the project with the client and advise on the possible solutions, the associated costs and the implications of the changes should there be any. Having fulfilled this duty it is then up to the client to make the decision and inform the project manager how they wish to proceed. It is his duty to discuss the feasibility of the clients design ideas to ensure construction costs can match the clients set budget. The project manager collects information from the client to make sure their needs are met throughout the whole project. The scope of the project managers works is as follows: Establishing clients objectives, priorities, preferences, budget and ideas. Liaise with the client and discuss a feasible design to take to the clients architect. A design which works and can meet the clients budget. Design of project organisation structure, i.e plan construction activities and responsibilities etc. Identify how the client is integrated into the project. Advise on the appointment of contributors to the project, i.e consultants, professionals, contractors etc. Look for those with experience of similar work, with a good reputation, who are available, who can integrate with others and who produce quality work. A large factor in selection can also be their location. Advise client on the Architects proposals and make recommendations based on what the clients objectives and preferences are. Prepare a project programme, i.e who does what, when and for how long. This is a plan of all the construction processes of the project from start to completion. Establish appropriate information and communication system between client and contributing parties. (Contributing parties refers to people / organisations employed by the client such as the architect, engineer or main contractor.) Generally specialists or sub contractors are employed by the main contractor however this does not mean that communication with them is not key. Monitor design and feasibility. Is the design progressing as per the clients requirements? Is the cost in line with the budget? Play a role in major and crucial decisions regarding construction, budgeting, timekeeping and organisation. Advise on building maintenance and everyday running. Commission the project on completion. In addition to the scope of works above, the project managers general duties, responsibilities and knowledge include: Feasibility studies. Attainment of land. Planning permission. Outline design. Resource planning. Investment planning. Detailed design. Disposal planning. Contracts. Risk analysis. Many skills are necessary for a project manager to be successful and these are detailed below: Leadership The project manager requires leadership skills to take charge and be confident in his decision making for delegating to the project contributors. Organisation Organisation is critical to a project and a project manager will therefore require excellent skills in this field to ensure all members of the project team know what they are doing and when they are doing it. Integration This is essential as all the other skills can be deemed useless if the project manager cannot integrate with the project team. Delegation Not everything can be relied upon the project manager and it would be impossible for him to do everything therefore he must pass on work, tasks and responsibilities to others. Communication Communication is vital in any construction project and is necessary for any project to be successful. Conflict resolution Making judgement in a dispute between parties is extremely important as in most construction projects there will be some sort of conflict and it is the duty of the project manager to attempt and resolve these issues in the first instance. Motivation Construction projects can be repetitive and lengthy and it is key that the project contributors are well motivated to carry out their work and to meet their deadlines. Construction And Project Management Abroad All of the above refers to custom and practice in project management within the United Kingdom which differs greatly in other regions of the world such as The United States of America Japan. Both The USA and Japan have different procedures and sequences in their construction procedures and therefore this can influence the roles and responsibilities of the project manager. Construction In Japan In Japan it is very common for a client to seek a design from a building contractor, as opposed to the UK where an architect would be appointed in the first instance and a contractor at a later date. This method has both positive and negative points that are worth mentioning. As we know here in the UK, from taking an integrated approach to the supply chain as described in BRE Digest 450, partnership can be a very efficient method of project procurement as the contractor has a say in the practicality of design etc at the beginning. This in theory is no different in Japan except the process is carried out by the majority, rather than the minority here in the UK. As the design is contractor designed, it is very practical using standardised components or modular construction which gives the contractor an extremely buildable project. Generally due to the practicality and standardisation of this method, many of the buildings appear to be very similar lacking attractive intricate details an d finesse. Although in the opinion of many the designs are unexciting, this design and build method sets parameters of the clients need, quality, budget and timescale. This therefore enables the chosen contractor to design a building with the intention to ensuring that it can be built to the clients desired quality, on time and on budget. Design and build is widely used in the UK but with the lack of standardisation and a simplistic approach to design, cost and time over runs are always inevitable. Japan generally is a quality driven nation and the construction industry within Japan is no different. The contractor market is controlled by the big six, six major construction firms which share long term relationships with their clients, suppliers, specialist contractors, general contractors and sub contractors. The Japanese construction industry is extremely efficient and the construction industry operates with stealth, precision and control of a ninja. Constructing Excellence reported after two trips to Japan having visited five of the big six construction firms that Japan gets a score of 100% for productivity, compared with 50% for the UK. Japan is renowned for its excellent health and safety records and their attitudes to health and safety is pragmatic , it is not a requirement to wear steel toe capped boots when working on a construction site in Japan due the excellent organisation of the project. On the typical Japanese building site theres hardly any debris, so there is little chance of dropping anything on your feet. This seems insane but the figures speak for themselves as 92% of projects in Japan achieve a zero-accident rate, compared with 62% of UK schemes. The differences between UK and Japan are enormous and this can be reinforced further by their training, morning briefing and pre-exercise warm up. It is a requirement for staff to train for a full year before operating on site and there is a briefing at the beginning of each day where the project manager discusses the days tasks and goals. Project Management In Japan Having researched the topic of construction in Japan, it is plain to see that the roles and responsibilities of the project manager will differ greatly when compared to those in the UK. In the UK project managers have to deal with a number of individuals in the project team, there may be issues of conflict between the contractor and the architect along with confusion and anger towards cost and timescale of any changes, which can make the project managers job difficult, as it is his responsibility to ensure that work is done on time, on budget and as per the clients requirements. In Japan things are a little different, the designers and the constructors are all part of the same organisation so conflict is unlikely and so is change. The contractor has priced, designed and scheduled the job based purely on the clients needs. The clients need is unlikely to change but should it change the contractor may file for extension to time, additional costs etc which makes this option very unlikel y. All in all this makes the project managers life a lot easier and with less time spent on conflict resolution it gives him more time to concentrate on leading, organising, integrating, delegating, communicating and motivating. The project managers role is further improved due to having less young incompetent or inexperienced site workers. Less time is spent repeating himself, as the site workers of Japan have had one years training before starting work on site, therefore are much more competent than the young site workers of the UK who walk on site with little training and experience. Levels of offsite construction and prefabrication is very high and in general due to less erection on site, the project manager should have less complications to deal with and can focus on erecting the prefabricated panels once delivered to site. It is also worth noting that if there are any problems with the prefabricated units if the suppliers fault, for example wrong dimensions, there is no stress of having to re-erect a panel onsite and wait days for it, instead all that is required is to phone the supplier and they have the stress of rushing out a replacement. Construction Project Management In The United States of America In the USA, the construction process differs dramatically from both the UK and Japan and subsequently the role of the project manager differs too. The client or developer is generally producing high rise buildings, not for occupation but as a financial investment. It is their role produce these large scale buildings at lightning speeds with as low a cost as possible. As a lot of clients are developers with excellent knowledge of the industry, they take the leading role. The architects main role in the project is purely to come up with an outline proposal to meet the clients requirements of appearance, layout and budget. It is not the role of the architect to produce working drawings or detailed design, this is the role of the project engineer. The engineer takes the design and develops it with regard to construction services. In the USA specialist contractors are used to design their own components and install them themselves which ensures there is no conflict which might have been encountered with the main contractor installing an unfamiliar product. Similarly to Japan, a lot of prefabrication is used with the design of a building, for example standardised computer generated components which can be easily be duplicated and altered if necessary rather than drawing everything from scratch. Due to this standardised system full construction drawings can be produced very quickly and there is more certainty of project costing and timescale. Coordination of the project initially is the responsibility of the client. The design stages are organised by the engineer and sometimes the architect. The project manager or construction manager as they are referred to in the USA is responsible for organising the specialist contractors work. It is the developers responsibility to monitor the feasibility of the project, especially the architects design and the cost estimates. It is up to the client to ensure that they are aware of any planning authorities as they are responsible for ensuring the legalities of the project. Architects it would seem have a small role to play in the US construction process however it is their role to provide advice on estimated rental value of the property, cost of the build and taxation. It is also the architects role to assess the success of the project based on the above. This reduces the responsibilities of the project manager at the early stages as in the UK it is generally the role of the project manager to provide advice on rental value, rough cost, taxation etc. Similarly to the UK, the construction manager as known in the USA is employed to provide advice and coordinate the construction phase. There are two methods of management used from here. The Project manager could be paid a fee for his services and also be paid for employing the specialist contractors whom he has to pay, this method is known as management contracting. The other option is that the client employs the specialists and pays them direct and the construction manager gets paid for managing the project, this is called construction management. In theory it makes no difference to the workload of the construction manager as either way it is his responsibility to ensure that the specialists know what they are required to do. Although an onerous task, it is not any more complex than a large project in the UK. This is due to the fact that the specialist contractors are in theory more than just contractors, they are designers installing their own specialist products and in turn are r esponsible for their own work under supervision of the construction manager. Although in the UK the project manager is responsible for the key decisions in the project, in the USA the construction manager delegates these decisions where appropriate to the specialist contractors. The USA is highly driven on completing projects on time and specialists will not hesitate to bring in hired work if necessary which provides an additional requirement for the construction manager to be flexible and coordinate the project contributors. In the USA there is little pre-construction input from a project management point of view and the main role and responsibility is to make sure everyone is one hundred percent sure of what they are to be doing and when it is to be completed. It would appear that the USA get the best out of their specialists with the fierce competition and by the way in which they approach a project and are managed. Conclusion Having researched project management generally, it is evident in my opinion that there is a great benefit in having a project manager on board in a construction project. However having also researched in more detail the ins and outs of project management in the USA Japan, and comparing it to practice in the UK, it is evident that the differing construction processes in each country dramatically affect the role and responsibilities of the project manager. The benefits of a project manager are endless and in my opinion, the whole scope of the project managers work is all a benefit to both the client and the contractor even though he is solely representing the client. The project manager is the middle man between the client and the rest of the project contributors. It is a benefit to the client as complex decisions are required when managing a construction site and knowing the lingo is extremely important. Unfortunately it would seem that in the UK the clients are not overly experience d with construction therefore its vital that they employ someone who can translate the terms into English and explain the pros and cons, for example, pros and cons of different options available. This role may be possible to be fulfilled by an architect however the main difference between an architect and a project manager is the project manager spends most of his time on construction sites and has greater experience in project programming, cost implications and construction techniques. The project manager is a benefit to the contractor as with his expertise, solutions to construction issues can be discussed and his advice may be beneficial for speed, cost or even just general ideas. Ultimately it is evident that custom and practice in different countries does affect the role and responsibilities of the project manager. It is crucial for a inexperienced client to have a professional such as a project manager from the beginning of the project if the client wants the project to be finished to his desired quality, on time and on budget.

Susan Glaspells Trifles - The Loyalty of Mrs. Hale :: Trifles Essays

The Loyalty of Mrs. Hale in Trifles The major idea I want to write about has to do with the way Mrs. Hale stands behind Mrs. Wright even though it seems like everyone else especially (the men) would rather lock her up and throw away the key. We see this right away when she gets on the County Attorney for putting down Mrs. Wright’s house keeping. I find this to be wonderfully symbolic in that most women of this time usually allowed the men to say whatever they wanted about their sex, never standing up for themselves or each other You notice this to be so because Mrs. Peters is struggling against what she is hearing the men say versus what she feels herself. When Mrs. Hale tells Mrs. Peters that she would hate for the men to be in her kitchen snooping around and criticizing, Mrs. Peters responds by saying "Of course it’s no more than their duty". This reflects to me a lady who has been so brain washed by the manly view of her time that she can’t even see the simple feelings that women feel for and between each other. We then come to the part where the ladies are talking about Mrs. Peter’s interactions with the other women in town. Mrs. Hale said she was not part of the Ladies’ Aid (which seemed like the thing for the women to do in that town), she dressed shabbily which she never did before becoming Mr. Wright’s wife. Mrs. Hale also clearly states that she does not believe that Mrs. Wright killed her husband whereas Mrs. Peters is struggling with this, saying that the Attorney thinks it looks bad because she did not wake up when her husband was being killed in bed right beside her. Mrs. Hale takes the view I would by saying don’t blame her because obviously he didn’t wake up either or maybe he would be alive or at least maybe he could have awakened her in his struggle. Another symbolic part of the play is when the men overhear the women talking about Mrs. Wright’s quilt, wondering if she was going to quilt it or knot it, and they laugh at them. Mrs. Hale is immediately offended by the way they laughed at them where Mrs. Peters is apologizing for them because "they have a lot on their minds".

When Religion Hurts :: Suicide Death Medical Essays

When Religion Hurts "The question is do I have a God complex? †¦I have a MD from Harvard. I am board certified in cardio-thoracic medicine and trauma surgery. I have been awarded citations from 7 different medical boards in New England and I am never, ever sick at sea. So I ask you, when someone goes into that chapel and they fall on their knees and they pray to God that their wife doesn’t miscarriage, or that their daughter doesn’t bleed to death or that their mother doesn’t suffer acute neuro-trauma from post-operative shock, who do you think they are praying to? Now you go ahead and read your bible Dennis. And you go to your church and with any luck you might win the annual raffle, but if you are looking for God, he was in operating room number 2 on November 17th and he doesn’t like to be second-guessed. You ask me if I have a God complex, let me tell you something, I am God." (Becker, 1993) This quote was taken from the movie Malice. A doctor removed an ovary that he thought was necrotic and the lab result came back that it wasn’t. Unfortunately he removed the other one prior due to having a cyst on it. He was sued for malpractice and during his questioning he was asked if he had a God complex. A God complex is when a doctor believes that he has the power to save a person’s life when God might intend that person to die. The doctor then plays God by trying to undermine the plan that God has created for the patient. Many battles are fought in our society today over who actually controls our destiny. Although euthanasia is not a new concept, it is receiving more attention today. The main advisory for euthanasia is the same one as it was from the start of euthanasia. This advisory is our religious belief. Religion is said to be the key to our salvation, but it also puts blinders on our ethical values. Although religion gives us hope for a better life after death, it is this same belief that prolongs our suffering while still in this p lane of existence. Euthanasia is defined as "The act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as persons or domestic animals) in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy.

Human development Essay

Human development entails all means to widen man’s preferences so he could sustain a healthy lifestyle, enjoy human rights, experience the normal way of living, and discover ways to become useful for the service of others and for his own esteem. Similarly, he can enjoy living a contented life enjoying the privilege of having political, cultural, communal, and economical liberties. Human development has its own justification. If at some point one’s development is questioned or criticized or discriminated against, so long as one does not interfere with other people’s lives nor deprive them of their own happiness, one owes nobody an explanation for what he does, for who he is and how he has become. In order to pull off this human development, he may seek some channels to build up his entire being. Socialization can be one of those channels wherein such channel will give them a sense of being in the right place and eventually develop and become the right person they wanted to be. Socialization can never be done it is composed of only one person. You have to meet people who may share the same the interests, cultures, norms, ideals, talents, or other similar stuff that you can relate to. To develop fully as individual, one must discover his or her potentials and share them to others. Of course, socializing entails hardships in managing time and adjusting to a group of people. But then, if you love the group you are in or are interested of improving yourself, all these problems could not possibly overshadow your development as a human being. Man’s socialization skills therefore are essential in his development as a person. If he uses his socialization skills to the fullest, he may become unaware of the extent that his socialization skills would take him if developed. If he learns to discover and harness such, he will undoubtedly provide himself with a huge room to completely grow as a human being.

Reasons for Communication Essay

The reasons why people communicate is to (a) express needs (b) to share ideas (c) to build relationship and socialise (d) to ask question and share experience 1.2HOW COMMUNICATION AFFECTS RELATIONSHIP IN THE WORK SETTING communication affects relationship at work place e.g. with colleagues, people using services, children and their families, help to build trust, understanding of individual needs, communication is used to negotiate, to prevent or resolve conflict and prevent misunderstanding. Relevant theories e.g. tuck man stages of group interaction (forming, storming, norming and performing) Read more: Reasons for communication  essay 2.2 THE FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN PROMOTING EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Argule’s stages of the communication cycle (ideas occur, message coded, message sent, message received, message decoded, message understood) type of communication for example complex, sensitive, normal or non-normal: context of communication e.g. one-one; group, with people using services, children or young people, with professional/colleagues; purpose of communication; cultural factors, needs to adapt communication; environment; time and resources available 3.1 HOW PEOPLE DIFFERENT BACKGROUND MAY USE AND/OR INTERPRET COMMUNICATION METHODS IN DIFFERENT WAYS People from different backgrounds may use or interpret communication in different ways by looking at that ;an individual background can influence communication for example age, gender, culture, socio economic status: differences in verbal communication e.g. language, vocabulary, dialect, intonations, non-verbal e.g. facial expression, use of body language, eye contact, gesture etc 3.2 THE BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION The barriers to effective communication are: language e.g. dialect, use of jargons, sector specific vocabulary. Environment e.g. noise, poor lighting. Emotional and behavioural e.g. attitude, anxiety, lack of confidence, aggression, sensory impairment health or medical conditions learning disability, effect of alcohol or drugs 3.5 HOW TO ACCESS EXTRA SUPPORT OR SERVICES TO ENABLE INDIVIDUALS TO COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY To access extra support and services, the use of interpreting services; translation services; speech and language services; advocacy services; third sector organisations example stroke association, royal institute for deaf people (RNID) 4.1 THE MEANING OF THE TERM CONFIDENTIALITY The term confidentiality means one person receives personal or sensitive information from another person. This information should not be passed on to anyone else without the person from whom the personal or sensitive information was received: meaning of confidentiality as contained in principles of current legislation e.g. the data protection act of 1998 4.3THE POTENTIAL TENSIONS BETWEEN MAINTAINIG AN INDIVIDUAL’S CONFIDENTIALITY AND DISCLOSING CONCERNS Maintaining confidentiality in day to day communication in different inter-personal situation e.g. adult receives personal or young person receives personal or sensitive information about other adults or colleagues, child or young person receives personal or sensitive information about an adult, following policies and procedures in own work place setting for example policies from sharing information, situations where unconditional confidentiality cannot be maintained, support and guidance regarding confidential information, role of manager or supervisor, referral, training types of information to the collection, recording and storage of different of information There is a potential tension caused by confidentiality and the need to disclose information when information; understanding when information may be shared without consent, concept of need to know, need for transparent policy and protocols in information sharing Unit 2 1.1THE DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OWN WORK ROLE the duties and responsibilities of own work role are: contractual responsibility e.g. hours, line of reporting, specific roles and responsibilities e.g. behavioural support, supporting children and young people with special educational needs, supporting bilingual children and young people: compliance with policies and procedures of work setting e.g. behaviour, children and young people protection,. Health and safety: keeping up to date with changes to procedures; keeping up to date with practice 1.2 THE EXPECTATIONS ABOUT OWN WORK ROLE AS EXPRESS IN RELEVANT STANDARDS the expectations of own work role as express in relevant standards are example national occupational standards for children’s care, learning  and development (NOS CCLD), national occupational standards for learning and development for support services (NOS LOSS) in relation to duties and responsibilities e.g. role to support children or young people with educational needs , expectation to meet standards 2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF REFLECTIVE PRACTICE IN CONTINIOUSLY IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF SERVICES PROVIDED The importance for reflective practice in continuously improving the quality of service provided and aiming to continually review progress to improve or change approaches, strategies, actions, benefits to children, young people. Setting and individual of improved performance e.g. enable learning to take place and practice to improve. Enables all relevant factors to be taken into account. Provides clarity, identification of learning cycle (KOLB) 2.3 HOW OWN VALUES, BELIEF SYSTEMS AND EXPERIENCE MAY AFFECT WORKING PRACTICE Personal values, belief system and experience may affect working practice through self-awareness of values, beliefs experience affection approach to working practice example motivation, conformity, cooperation, consistency, respect fairness, creativity of previous experience of learning: ways of own values affect practice positively and negatively e.g. conflict between own values, beliefs and standards 4.1 THE SOURCES OF SUPPORT FOR PLANNING AND REVIEWING OWN DEVELOPMENT The sources of support for planning and reviewing own development can be: sources of support e.g. mentor, supervisor, teacher, manager, local authority, training providers awarding organisation further and higher educational institutions, learning direct, teachers development agencies (TDA). Children’s workforce development council (CWDC) 5.1 THE EVALUATION OF HOW LEARNING ACTIVITIES HAVE AFFECTED PRACTICE Learning activities such as formal lessons, training programmes/sessions research activities observing practice, practical activities can affect practice by applying newly learnt theories and using different approaches. How reflective practice leads to improved ways of working e.g. ways that continually challenging current behaviour has developed and enhanced own practice and skills: how monitoring own practice has enabled changes to take place UNIT 3 1.1 WHAT IS MEANT BY THE TERMS DIVERSITY, EQUALITY AND INCLUSION Diversity- differences between individuals and groups e.g. culture, nationality, ability ethnic origin, gender, age religion, beliefs, sexual orientation and social class Equality- this is the promotion of individual rights, giving choices and opportunity, respect and fairness, services in response to individual needs. Inclusion- individual at the centre of planning and support, valuing diversity 1.2 THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF DISCRIMINATIONS The effect of discriminations is: direct discrimination, institutional discrimination etc. Individual being treated less favourably than others: lack of opportunities, prejudice and injustice. 1.2 HOW INCLUSIVE PRACTICE PROMOTES EQUALITY AND SUPPORT DIVERSITY Promoting equality: policies and procedures in work place setting inclusive practice procedures: challenging discrimination, promoting rights, empowering, removing barriers e.g. physical access to effective communication, improving participation, promoting dignity and respect, individual at the centre of planning and delivery of services. Supporting diversity, valuing differences between using positive images of individual from diverse groups. Celebrating differences 2.1 HOW LEGISLATIONS AND CODES OF PRACTICE RELATING TO EQUALITY, DIVERSITY AND DISCRIMINATION APPLY TO OWN WORK ROLE Legislation and codes of practice: codes of practice of sector, policies of work place settings, human rights act 1998, disability discrimination act 2005, special educational needs and disability act2001, race relation (amendment) act 2000,the equality act 2010, the European convention on human rights 3.3 HOW TO CHALLENGE DISCRIMINATION IN A WAY THAT PROMOTES CHANGE In order to challenge discrimination to promote change, I will identify and challenge discrimination behaviour; recognised stereotypes in attitude or written materials; understand and adopt own belief attitude; know how to report concerns; review and develop policies and procedures UNIT 4 1.1 WHAT IT MEANS TO HAVE A DUTY OF CARE IN OWN WORK ROLE duty of care in own work role is accountability e.g. exercising authority, managing risk working, safe guarding children and young people, monitoring  own behaviour and conduct, maintaining confidentiality, storing personal information appropriately, reporting concerns and allegations, making professional judgement, maintaining professional boundaries, avoiding favouritism, maintaining high standards for conduct outside the professional role 1.2 HOW DUTY OF CARE CONTRIBUTES TO SAFEGUARDING OR PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUALS The contribution of duty of care to safeguarding and protection of individuals is safeguarding children and young people e.g. protection from sexual, physical or emotional harm, preserving respect and dignity. Engendering trust protecting children and young people e.g. safety in the environment, safe use of resources and equipment, prevention from intimidation or humiliation, protecting self e.g. ensuring against risk of allegation of misconduct or abuse. Avoiding risk of accusation of malpractice 2.1 THE POTENTIAL CONFLICT OR DILEMMA THAT MAY ARISE BETWEEN THE DUTY OF CARE AND THE INDIVIDUAL’S RIGHT The potential conflict or dilemma and individual right that may arise between individual rights and duty of care are e.g. attitudes and unsafe behaviours such as drugs, alcohol, abuse, treating, staying out without permission aggression and violent, bulling and intimidation, vandalism. Individual rights for example respect for views and actions, safety and security, love and belonging, education equality 2.2 HOW TO MANAGE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH CONFLICT OR DILEMMABETWEEN AN INDIVIDUAL RIGHT AND DUTY OF CARE In order to manage risks associated with conflict or dilemma will be by e.g. implementing policies and codes of practice, acting in individual’s best interest, fostering culture of openness and support, being consistent, maintaining professional boundaries, following systems for raising concerns 2.3WHERE TO GET ADDITIONAL SUPPORT AND ADVICE ABOUT CONFLICT AND DILEMMA ADDITIONAL SUPPORT AND DILEMMA CAN BE GOT FROM: EG LINE MANAGEMENT, TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, SCHOOL/ college advices, counselling services, mediation and advocacy services 3.1 methods of responding to complaints Ways in which we can respond to complaints are: e.g. listening to complaints, referring complaints to policy, suggesting that complaints be made in  writing, reporting complaint to line manager 3.2 THE POINTS OF AGREED PROCEDURES FOR HANDLING COMPLAINTS The main points of agreed procedures for handling complaints are: e.g. acknowledgement of complaints, stages within procedures, report and recommendation, review and appeals Unit 5 The aim of this assessment is to understand the national and local context of safeguarding and protection of vulnerable people from abuse. The assessment will take into account and how to understand ways to reduce the likelihood of abuse and finally knows how to respond and report unsafe practices. 3.1 THE NATIONAL POLICIES AND LOCAL SYSTEMS THAT RELATES TO SAFEGUARDING AND PROTECTION FROM ABUSE According to the codes of practice, all agencies and individuals involved with vulnerable adults have duty to protect them from abuse. The wishes of the vulnerable adults should be central to the use of the multi-agency policies and procedures for the protection of vulnerable adults from abuse. The policies and procedures respects an adult’s rights to live free from abuse in accordance with the principles of respect, dignity, autonomy, privacy, beliefs and equality. Services will be provided in a manner in which does not discriminate on grounds of racial or ethnic origin, religion or b eliefs, disability, gender, age or sexual orientation 3.2 THE ROLES OF DIFFERENT AGENCIES IN SAFEGUARDING AND PROTECTING INDIVIDUALS FROM ABUSE It is the responsibility of everyone to seek to prevent and protect vulnerable people fro abuse. Suspected or actual abuse must be reported to social services or the police within 24 hours. An adult protection enquiry coordinator will be appointed by social services to coordinate the investigation and will a senior practitioner or first tier manager with appropriate skills, in most cases, an inter-agency strategy meeting, chaired by a senior manager at team manager level or above will be converted to determined the action plan 3.3 REPORTS INTO SERIOUS FAILURES TO PROTECT INDIVIDUALS FROM ABUSE Agencies have a duty of care to protect vulnerable adults from abuse and to recognised and take actions within the present legal framework, there will be occasions when vulnerable adults may choose to remain at risk in dangerous situations. Professional staff may find no statutory power in cases where the adult is judge to sufficient capacity to make his/her own choices and refuses the help or treatment which the staff  or carer feels is needed and where public interest consideration do not apply. In this case, the decision of the vulnerable should be respected. At the same time, accurate record must be made of the situation 3.4 SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND ADVICE ABOUT OWN ROLE IN SAFEGUARDING AND PROTECTING INDIVIDUALS FROM ABUSE Confidentiality must not be confused with secrecy. Staffs have clear duty to report any concerns they have relating to abuse or suspected abuse of vulnerable adults to their line manager at their earliest opportunity. Workers in all agencies owe a duty of confidentiality to vulnerable adults. A vulnerable adult has a right to expect that information about them and held on them in what ever form, will be treated with due regards to the principles of confidentiality. These principles are applicable to information sharing both within and between agencies in matters concerning abuse.